女性作家的生成——德勒兹“生成—女性”理论视阈下的伍尔夫与普拉斯

Becoming a Woman Writer:Virginia Woolf and Sylvia Plath from the Perspective of Deleuze’s Devenir-femme Theory

德勒兹针对男权中心主义所提出的“生成-女性”理论,指生成不同于男性的他者,倡导通过挑战强势、生成弱势和创造新的多元体,制造逃逸线,创造生命的差异性。“生成-女性”与女性的社会属性密切相关。生成文学的核心思想即是生成女性。从“生成-女性”理论视角研读弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫和西尔维娅·普拉斯的日记可知:文学影响、文学思维与文学社圈在伍尔夫和普拉斯成为女性作家的道路上影响显著;两位卓越的作者在文学创作的过程中,在收集日常生活素材和记录日记的基础上,写就了大量的文学作品,在文学创作的主题、思想、技巧等方面突破了男性文学传统。以伍尔夫和普拉斯为代表的女性作家通过具体的文学实践,在平等和自由的游牧状态下培养了女性作家的身份,使英美女性文学传统最终以独立于男性文学传统的姿态得以完全确立,女性写作已成为女性发声不可或缺的媒介。

Targeting at male chauvinism, the “Devenir-femme” theory proposed by Deleuze refers to Devenir-autre different from men, advocating lines of flight and creation of the diversities of life through challenging the strong and producing the weak.“Devenir-femme” and the social attribute of women are closely related. Literature has obliterated human standards in language, thereby becoming-literature is becoming-women. A study of the journals of Virginia Woolf and Sylvia Plath from the perspective of “Devenir-femme” proves that literary influence, literary thinking and literary community had a significant influence on Woolf and Plath to become female writers. In the process of literary creation, the two outstanding writers, on the basis of collecting daily life materials and keeping diaries, accumulated a cornucopia of literary works, breaking the tradition of male literature in themes, ideas and skills.The women writers represented by Woolf and Plath have cultivated their identity as female writers in a nomadic state of equality and freedom and established the western female literature system through specific literary practices. Female writing has become an indispensable medium to convey women’s voices.