中国教育公平发展的差异与趋势——主要基于教育基尼系数的区域比较

Differences and trends of equitable development of education in China:Regional comparison based on Gini coefficient of education

基于2010-2017年人均受教育年限和教育基尼系数的测算结果,分析我国东、中、西部区域间及区域内各省域的教育发展状况表明:全国教育整体相对公平与区域教育发展不平衡并存,全国人均受教育年限缓慢提高,教育基尼系数基本保持在0.21~0.22的水平,整体处于比较公平的阶段,但仍有一半的省份未达到全国平均水平;地区间的教育公平发展不平衡,西部与东部、与中部的教育公平差距虽大但呈缩小趋势,东部和中部的教育公平差距虽小但呈扩大趋势;东部各省域的教育公平差距越来越大,中、西部各省域的教育公平差距在缩小。

Based on the calculation results of per capita education years and Gini coefficient from 2010 to 2017, this paper analyses the education development status among the eastern, central and western regions and the provinces (districts and cities) in China. It shows that the overall fairness of education coexists with the unbalanced development of regional education. The per capita education years of the whole country have been slowly increased, and the Gini coefficient of education has basically maintained at the level of 0.21-0.22, which is relatively fair on the whole, but half of the provinces (districts and cities) have not reached the national average;the development of educational equity among regions is unbalanced, the gap between western and eastern provinces and central provinces is large but narrowing, while the gap between eastern and central provinces is small but expanding;the gap among eastern provinces is widening, but the gap among central and western provinces is narrowing.