永新县农村居民两周患病现状及影响因素分析

Two-week Prevalence and Its Influencing Factors among Rural Residents in Yongxin County

目的了解永新县农村居民两周患病现状及影响因素,为制定适合当地居民健康干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取永新县3个乡镇9个村委会的居民,分别于2013年、2016年对其进行入户调查,内容包括居民一般情况,即性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、医保类型等;居民门诊卫生服务需要情况,两周患病状况,以及对永新县农村居民两周患病率的影响因素进行分析。运用χ^2检验和二元Logistic回归分析对资料进行统计分析。结果2013年、2016年分别调查了1773、2568例永新县农村居民,两年间永新县农村居民两周患病率比较差异无统计学意义(40.0%比42.0%,P>0.05)。两年间永新县农村居民:标化患病率分别为29.5%、32.2%,两周所患疾病居前4位的分别是头晕、头痛、耳鸣,急慢性肠胃炎,腰、背痛和感冒咳嗽。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别(OR=0.792,95%CI0.695~0.903,P<0.05)、年龄(OR=1.666,95%CI1.529~1.815,P<0.05),商业、服务业、个体经营人员(OR=0.564,95%CI0.404~0.788,P<0.05),农、林、牧、渔业人员(OR=0.774,95%CI0.613~0.978,P<0.05),婴幼儿、学龄前儿童、学生(OR=0.239,95%CI0.130~0.441,P<0.05),家务劳动(OR=0.738,95%CI0.563~0.969,P<0.05)及城镇居民医保(OR=3.976,95%CI1.999~7.908,P<0.05)均是永新县农村居民两周患病率的影响因素。结论永新县农村居民两周患病率高于全国农村平均水平,亟待对老年人,商业、服务业、个体经营人员,农、林、牧、渔业人员,婴幼儿、学龄前儿童、学生,家务劳动者及城镇居民医保等人群采取有效的健康干预措施,并加强农村地区常见病、多发病防治工作以切实降低居民两周患病率。

Objective To understand the two-week prevalence and its influencing factors among rural residents in Yongxin county,and to provide reference for formulating suitable health interventions for local residents. Methods Using a stratified cluster sampling method,residents of 9 village committees in 3 townships in Yongxin county were randomly selected.Door-to-door investigation was conducted in 2013 and 2016 year,respectively.The contents included general situation of residents(gender,age,nationality,education level,occupation,marital status,medical insurance types,etc.),outpatient health service needs,and two-week prevalence.In addition,the factors influencing two-week prevalence were analyzed.Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results In 2013 and 2016,1773 and 2568 rural residents in Yongxin county were investigated,respectively.The two-week prevalence in 2013(40.0%) was not significantly different from that in 2016(42.0%)( P >0.05).The standardized prevalence was 29.5% in 2013,and 32.2% in 2016.The top four diseases for two-week prevalence were dizziness/headache/tinnitus,acute/chronic gastroenteritis,waist/back pain,and cold/cough.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the gender( OR =0.792,95% CI 0.695-0.903, P <0.05),age( OR =1.666,95% CI 1.529-1.815, P <0.05),business/service industry/self-employed personnel( OR = 0.564 ,95% CI 0.404-0.788, P <0.05),farm/forestry/animal husbandry/fishery personnel( OR = 0.774 ,95% CI 0.613-0.978, P <0.05),infants/preschool children/students( OR =0.239,95% CI 0.130- 0.441, P <0.05),housework( OR =0.738,95% CI 0.563-0.969, P <0.05) and medical insurance for urban residents( OR =3.976,95% CI 1.999-7.908, P <0.05) were the factors influencing the two-week prevalence. Conclusion The two-week prevalence among rural residents in Yongxin county is higher than the national average level.It is urgent to take effective health intervention measures for elderly people,business/service industry/self-employed personnel,farm/forestry/animal husbandry/fishery personnel,infants,preschool children,students,houseworkers and urban residents with medical insurance.At the same time,the prevention and control of common and multiple diseases in rural areas should be strengthened to reduce the two-week prevalence.