磁共振扩散峰度成像临床应用的研究进展

Advances in Clinical Application of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging

磁共振扩散峰度成像(diffusional kurtosis imaging,DKI)是一种扩散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)技术的延伸,对于描绘组织微观结构具有独特优势。DKI技术与2005年被提出发展至今,已应用于多种临床疾病的诊断,其中以中枢神经系统的研究最为广泛,如正常脑组织、脑缺血、脑梗死、脑肿瘤等;其次为生殖系统肿瘤及常见消化系统疾病辅助诊断,亦取得初步研究结果。DKI技术尚未全面常规使用,但其对全身常见疾病良恶性的评价、鉴别诊断,对病灶处非侵入性病理评估都表现良好的临床应用价值。扫描部位的b值、激励次数及扩散梯度方向的最优化选择,参数的生理意义及其之间的内部联系等还有待深入研究。

Diffusional kurtosis imaging(DKI) is a useful extension of diffusion tensor imaging(DKI) in representing microstructures of tissues.Since 2005,DKI technology has been widely used in the diagnosis of a variety of clinical diseases,especially in central nervous system-related disorders,such as cerebral ischemia,cerebral infarction and brain tumors.In addition,DKI has been applied to the assisted diagnosis of reproductive system tumors and common digestive system diseases and has achieved preliminary results.Although DKI has not been used routinely in all fields,it has shown a good clinical value in the evaluation,differential diagnosis and non-invasive pathological assessment of common systemic diseases.However,the optimal selection of b value of scanning site,number of excitation and direction of diffusion gradient,the physiological significance of parameters and their internal relations need to be further studied.