工作条件、家庭支持与职业发展:中国社会工作者离职意愿的多因素分析

Work Conditions, Family Support and Professional Development: Multifactor Analysis of Chinese Social Workers’ Turnover Intention

基于2015-2016年中国社会工作者职业现状调查数据,从工作条件、家庭支持、职业发展三个方面分析了影响中国社工离职意愿的因素,结果发现,约20%的社工有离职倾向,其中男性离职倾向大于女性。在影响因素方面,对机构管理、职业发展等越满意,社会工作者的离职意愿越低;家人支持也会降低社会工作者的离职意愿。在性别差异方面,男性社会工作者更加看重职业发展机会,而女性更加需要家庭支持。根据数据分析结果,建议从提高社会工作者的工资水平、促进社工的工作与家庭平衡、拓展社工的职业发展空间、减少管理主义对社会工作者的过度干预等方面入手改善社工的内部和外部环境,降低社工的离职意愿。

Based on the occupational status survey data of Chinese social workers completed in 2015-2016, this article analyzes the influencing factors of social workers’ turnover intention from three aspects, namely, work conditions, family support and professional development. The results show that about 20% of social workers have turnover intention, and the male is more likely to leave than the female. The more satisfied with the operation procedures and professional development, the less they are willing to quit. Family support also reduces social workers’ turnover intention. In terms of gender differences, male social workers are more concerned about professional development, while female social workers need family support. Based on the results, this paper believes that turnover intention can be reduced by improving the internal and external environment from the aspects of pay increase, work-family balance, and excellent platform for professional development as well as intervention reduction of managerialism on social workers.