论生态环境检察的专门化、体系化与法治化

Specialization, systematization and legalization of environmental justice inspection

近年来的环境司法实践基本消解了检察机关在环境司法中的“怯场”或“不在场”,以及环境法难以司法化的问题,形成了“专业化法律监督+恢复性司法实践+社会化综合治理”的环境司法模式。在生态环境保护领域的“私益诉讼”“公益诉讼”和“国益诉讼”这三大诉讼并行格局情况下,仍然存在对环境司法专门化的狭隘化理解、司法能动的随意化和过度化、创新过度等倾向,其深层次原因在于环境公益诉讼中检察机关法律角色与定位的混同、检察权功能及事由的错位。在中国特色生态法治体系构建过程中,亟须加强检察机关环境司法工作的体系化、法治化,践行“经由形式主义的实质法治”的司法形式主义,以更有效的促进不同国家机关共同履行“共同但有区别的”国家环境义务。

In recent years, with the specialization and systematization of environmental justice, the problem of “stage fright” or “absence” of procuratorial organs in environmental justice has basically been eliminated, the difficulties in putting environmental laws into force have largely been tackled, and the environmental justice model of “professional legal supervision +restorative judicial practice + comprehensive social governance” has been formed. Under the parallel pattern of “private interest litigation”,“public interest litigation” and “national interest litigation” in the field of ecological environmental protection, there are still some tendencies, such as narrow understanding of the specialization of environmental justice, arbitrary and excessive judicial initiative, and excessive innovation. The underlying reasons lie in the confusion of the legal role and orientation of procuratorial organs, and the dislocation of procuratorial power in environmental public interest litigation. In the process of building an ecological legal system with Chinese characteristics, it is urgent to strengthen the systematization and legalization of environmental judicial work of procuratorial organs, and to practice the judicial formalism of “substantive rule of law through formalism”, so as to promote different state organs to fulfill their “common but differentiated” national environmental obligations more effectively.