京畿落第与汤显祖诗歌创作

Tang Xianzu’s failure in the imperial examinations and his poetic creation

汤显祖与北京的渊源在于数次奔赴京畿参加会考与后来三次上京述职。他早年诗歌大多吟咏出世之怀,但囿于经历与环境,内容多以朋友交游赠别为主,缺乏自然与深切之质。然而屡次不第的失败经历,体现在汤显祖的诗文创作上。首先诗歌在内容上较之前具有了怀才不遇之叹,反思现世之思;题材上仍以酬赠友人为多,并且抒发了自己对友人的深切怀念与共同志趣;最后于京观政,抒写自己的理想与困惑。

Tang Xianzu went to Beijing many times to attend the imperial examination,and then went there three times to report his duties. Most of his early poems expressed reclusive thought. Because of his experience and environment,his poems are mainly about making friends and expressing feelings of departure without rich implications about nature. However, repeated failures find expression in his poetry and prose. First,his poems express the feeling of missing an official who could appreciate his talent and the truth of the reality. Second, his themes are still mainly related to his friends, especially their departure and missing each other due to their common interest. Third, he expresses his ideals and perplexity about politics in Beijing.