王阳明之“良知”在道德践履中何以可能

The actuality of Wang Yangming’s "conscience" in moral practice

王阳明认为心即本体,良知即是天理,吾心本有,不假外求。因而学者多怀疑其良知说在道德实践过程中缺乏力量,不具有现实性。事实上,王阳明良知说内涵丰富,“良知”既是道德主体又是道德规范,更拥有稳定、强健的道德能力。道德主体、道德规范、道德能力三者的统一,成就了“良知”的现实性。王阳明良知说实现了外在天理与内在主体的合一,既尊重了主体的情感、意志,又发挥了其能动性,在道德践履具有强劲的现实性。

Wang Yangming believes that the mind is ontology,and conscience is the natural law and is inherent. However,some scholars often think that this theory lacks strength in moral practice and has no utility in reality. In fact, Wang Yangming's conscience is rich in connotations."Conscience" is both a moral subject and a moral norm,and has a stable and strong moral ability. The unity of the three has made the utility of "conscience". Wang Yangming’s "conscience" realizes the integration of the natural law with the inner subject. It respects the emotion and will of the subject,and exerts its initiative. It has strong reality in moral practice.