论“三权分置”中经营者之“土地经营权”的性质

On the Nature of the “Land Management Right” of the Operators in the “Three Powers Separation”

“三权分置”政策的实质是推进农业现代化和规模化经营,鼓励土地承包经营权人间接行使土地经营权。土地承包经营权人间接行使土地经营权的方式有两种:一是通过转让、互换、转包、入股等方式将自己享有的土地经营权让与给经营者,使经营者取得用益物权性质的土地经营权;二是通过租赁、代为耕种、短期托管、无偿耕种等方式为经营者设定债权性质的土地经营权。因此,“三权分置”中经营者之“土地经营权”,可以是用益物权,也可以是债权。

The essence of the “three powers separation” policy is to promote agricultural modernization and large-scale operation, and encourage land contractual management rights holders to exercise land management rights indirectly. There are two ways to this aim:First, they transfer their land management rights to operators through transfer, exchange, subcontracting, and shareholding, so that operators can obtain usufructuary rights in the form of land management rights. The second is to set the land management right in the form of the creditor for the operator through leasing, sub-cultivation, short-term custody, and unpaid farming.Therefore, the “land management right”of the operator in the“three powers separation” may be the usufructuary right or the creditor's right.