中国古代铸造青铜器泥型烘焙温度的理论分析及浇注模拟试验

Calcination Temperature of Clay Mold for Casting Chinese Ancient Bronze:Theoretical Analysis and Simulation Experiments

泥型焙烧是青铜器浇注前的重要环节,关系到最后浇注的成败及铸件的质量。有关古代泥型的焙烧温度学术界一直有不同的观点。文中从泥料可能的矿物组成、焙烧的目的及青铜器模拟浇注实验等方面讨论了古代泥型焙烧的下限温度、上限温度等问题。分析结果表明,泥型焙烧温度的下限应不低于所含有的粘土矿物脱去结构水的温度。而只要不变形,或在合范时能经过处理校正,泥型即使“陶化”了也可用来浇注。青铜浇注时的温度在1100℃左右,如果泥型中含有较多在此温度内分解产生气体的其它矿物(如碳酸盐类),这些矿物的分解温度也是焙烧温度的重要考量。

Clay mold roasting is an important part of the bronze casting because it is critical to the success of the final casting and the quality of the casting. There are different opinions in academia on the calcination temperature of ancient clay mold. The paper analyzes the lower and upper limit temperatures of ancient clay mold roasting from the possible mineral composition of the clay, the purpose of roasting and the simulation experiment of bronze. As a result of the analysis, the lower limit temperature of clay mold roasting should not be less than the temperature at which the clay mineral contained is removed from the structural water. As long as it is not deformed, or can be corrected after treatment, the clay mold can be used for casting even if it is "ceramicized". The pouring temperature of bronze casting is about 1 100 °C. If the clay mold contains more minerals (such as carbonates) which decompose to generate gas at this temperature, decomposition temperature of these minerals is also an important consideration for the calcination temperature.