陕西牧马河国家湿地公园鸟类群落组成及多样性分析

Avian community investigation and diversity in Mumahe National Wetland Park in Shaanxi province

采用样线法于2016年8月至2017年7月对陕西牧马河国家湿地公园的鸟类资源进行调查,并计算其物种多样性、均匀性及不同生境群落间的相似性。结果表明:湿地公园内共发现鸟类17目40科105种,其中雀形目鸟类41种,非雀形目鸟类64种,种类较多的科有鸭科(Anatidae)12种、鹭科(Ardeidae)10种、鹬科(Scolopacidae)7种、噪鹛科(Leiothrichidae)6种;在湿地公园分布的鸟类中,东洋界物种占33.33%,古北种占34.29%,广布种占32.38%;湿地公园内共发现留鸟56种、夏候鸟22种、冬候鸟17种、旅鸟10种;牧马河湿地公园不同群落内的鸟类多样性和均匀性均不同,其中湿地群落的鸟类多样性和均匀性都最高;在湿地公园内,林地群落与农田群落的相似性最高,农田群落与居民点间相似性次之,湿地群落与林地群落间相似性最低。

Line transects method was used to investigate avian resources in Mumahe National Wetland Park from August 2016 to July 2017.Species diversity,evenness and the comparability index between different habitat communities were calculated.There were 105 avian species in Mumahe National Wetland Park,of which 41 Passeriformes species and 64 non Passeriformes species were found and composed mainly of Anatidae,Ardeidae,Scolopacidae and Leiothrichidae.Birds of the Oriental realm,Palaearctic realm and common species was 33.33%,34.29%and 32.38%respectively in Mumahe National Wetland Park.In this area,there were 56 species of resident birds,22 species of summer migrants,17 species of winter migrants and 10 species of passing migrants.For species diversity index of the four communities,the rank was wetland>forests>cropland>residents;the evenness index was ranked by wetland>forests>cropland>residents;the comparability index was ranked by forests-cropland>cropland-residents>wetland-forests.