《周易》象辞关系的独特识见——论焦循易学的象辞观

Unique Insight into the Correlation between Images and Statements of the Zhou yi:On Jiao Xun’s Outlook of the Relationship between Images and Statements

焦循易学之所以独树一帜、风格迥异,在很大程度上应当归因于他对《周易》象辞关系的独特识见。经过长年累月的求索,焦循终于得以回答父亲"‘密云不雨,自我西郊’,《小畜》言之矣,何以《小过》又言之"的《易》辞重出之问。依他之见,虽然经传辞句各具文意,但其实不过是一个个象数标记符的逐字拼接。圣人精心构设同辞标记,一则提示出系有同辞的若干《易》卦可由卦爻运行相连一体,再则令后学从中悟得每一字词的象数内涵。所谓同辞,不单指语词的重复使用,还包括同义互训和同声假借。尽管这种独特的象辞观今天看来依然触目惊心,却不可盲目否定之。

The uniqueness of Jiao Xun’s(1763-1820) scholarship on the Changes should be,to a great degree,ascribed to his unique understanding of the relationship between images and hexagram-line statements of the Zhou yi.Through the seeking year after year,Jiao Xun eventually became able to answer the question why some same hexagram statements reappear in different hexagrams raised by his father.From Jiao Xun’s perspective,although each hexagram and line statements have their own literal meanings,they are but a splicing of the words symbolized by images and numbers.The marks of the same line statements reappearing in different hexagrams painstakingly schematized by the sages conceive the inter-relatedness between these hexagrams and lines on the one hand,and let later generation scholars realize the image-numerological connotations by this phenomenon on the other.Not only do these same statements refer to simple reappearance of the terms,but also include mutual exegesis of synonymies and mutual loaning of homophones.Although his understanding of the correlation between images and hexagram-line statements still seems to be socking by the sight from today’s view,we should not blindly deny it’s reasonability.