钟泰“《庄子》取象于易”说浅探——以《逍遥游》篇疏解为中心

On Zhong Tai’s View That “Zhuang zi Borrowed Images from the Changes”:Focusing on the Chapter “The Happy Excursion”

作为近代《庄子》研究的代表人物之一,钟泰对于《庄子》的诠释,可谓颇具特色。尤其是在其后期作品《庄子发微》中,钟泰直接把庄子哲学的内核落实在"内圣外王"之上,由"内圣外王"来建构整个庄子哲学的系统。并且,在这种建构中,《周易》成了极其重要的思想资源,按照钟泰的说法,《庄子》是"揭《周易》之奥旨"。钟泰从文字训诂角度出发,将"逍遥游"三字训读为"消摇游",认为"消"谓消其习心,"摇"谓动其真机,"游"即浮游意,先有与汩偕出之"浮"的不沉溺,而后有意为与齐俱入之"游"的自由。而在《逍遥游》篇具体内涵的讨论上,钟泰在"消摇"处,以鲲鹏为主,通过"象"将《周易》的结构和时空观融入庄学,从而确定庄子之道在鲲鹏;在"游"处,钟泰以无己为主,通过"意"将《周易》之德与庄子之道合一,将儒家"德"之有与庄学"道"之无合于鲲鹏之大。因而无论是在方法上,还是在最终境界的揭示上,钟泰对于《庄子》诠释的儒家化倾向是极其明显和特别的。

As one of the representative researchers of the Zhuang zi in modern China(1912-1949),Zhong Tai’s(1888-1979) interpretation of it was distinctive.This is especially manifested in his later work Zhuang zi fawei(A Subtle Elucidation of the Zhuang zi),where Zhong Tai directly identified the core of Zhuang zi’s philosophy as neisheng waiwang(cultivating sageliness within and then manifesting it in service to society) and further constructed the entire system of Zhuang zi(c.369-c.286 BCE),in the course of which,the Book of Changes became an important resource of thought.From his perspectives,Zhuang zi actually uncovered the deepest secret of the Book of Changes.To explore Zhong Tai’s unique understanding of the relationship between Zhuang zi and the Book of Changes,this paper will focus on his explanation of chapter "The Happy Excursion" in his Zhuang zi fawei.