重构与逆构:王船山《庄子解》的两个诠释向度

Rebuilding and Retrograde Building:Two Hermeneutic Approaches of the Zhuang zi by Wang Chuanshan

构建一个儒家化的庄学体系是船山晚年解庄的根本目的。为此,他在《庄子解》中首先提出在庄学与儒学两个方面皆具亲缘性的"浑天"说作为庄子思想之根,进而借此诠释《庄子》文本,化解庄儒分歧。通过分析"浑天"视域下的"寓庸""随成"以及"能移""相天"等重要思想观念,可以发现《庄子解》中并存着两种相反却又相辅相成的诠释向度:一是重构,这表现为船山对庄子之学的儒家化改造;二是逆构,即在重构庄子之学的过程中,庄子的某些思想又反过来得到了他的称许和接纳,并藉此参与到了其庄学体系的构建之中。船山和庄子思想之间的这种双向互参、相互进入的关系昭示我们,包括《庄子》在内,经典文本的生命力常通过其对后世诠释者的思想逆构作用展现出来。

Constructing a Confucian system through interpreting the Zhuang zi,which has traditionally been viewed as a famous work of the Daoist school,was Wang Chuanshan’s(1619-1692) fundamental purpose in his later years.To this end,he put forward the celestial sphere cosmology as the root of Zhuang zi’s(c.369-c.286 BCE) thought,which had an intimate relationship with both Zhuang zi and Confucianism and helped him solve the discrepancies between Zhuang zi and Confucianism in his interpretation.Through analyzing some important concepts of yu yong 寓庸(dwelling in commonality),sui cheng 随成(natural accomplishment),neng yi能移(flexibility) and xiang tian 相天(assisting Heaven) in his hermeneutics under the vision of celestial sphere cosmology,we can find two opposite and complementary interpretative dimensions in his Zhuang zi jie(Interpretation of the Zhuang zi):the first is the rebuilding,which was represented by Wang as his Confucian transformation of Zhuang zi;the second is the retrograde building-that is,in the course of reconstructing the theoretic system of Zhuang zi,some of Zhuang zi’s thought gained Chuanshan’s praise and acceptance in turn and was absorbed into the construction of his Zhuang zi system.The fusion of Chuanshan’s idea with Zhuangzi’s thought demonstrates that the vitality of classical texts,including Zhuang zi,is often manifested through the retrograde building by later generation interpreters.