传统村落礼制建筑色彩类比解读——以湖南地区汉族、土家族、侗族为例

Comparative Analysis of the Color of Ritual Architecture in Traditional Villages: The Han, Tujia and Dong Ethnic Gruops in Hunan

以《中国建筑色卡》和孟塞尔色彩体系为基本研究工具,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,调查并且对比分析了湖南地区汉族、土家族和侗族三个民族典型礼制建筑色彩基本状况。指出建筑材质是礼制建筑色彩主体色和辅助色的重要影响因素;在相同的文化背景下土家族、侗族礼制建筑的点缀色依然遵循本民族传统文化色彩习俗,汉族则受湖湘文化影响深远;民族审美也在一定程度上影响着三个民族礼制建筑色彩的应用。传统村落的保护与开发应传承各民族传统色彩用色特点,科学开展礼制建筑的修缮、维护和新建设计。

With Chinese Architectural Color Card and Munsell’s color system as basic research tools, and through both qualitative analysis method and quantitative analysis method,this paper aims to investigate and analyze the ritual architecture colors of Han, Tujia, Dong in Hunan. It concludes that building material is an important factor that affects the main color and auxiliary color of ritual architecture. Although they share the same cultural background, the decorative colors of Tujia and Dong ritual architecture still follow the traditional cultural customs of their own nation, while the Han ethnic group is deeply influenced by the Taoist culture integrated in Huxiang culture. In addition, the ethnic aesthetics also influences the use of color. Finally,this paper summarizes that people should attach importance to traditional color and continue the color habit of traditional villages in the future. It also provides a basis for scientific repair and maintenance,or building new ritual architectures.