云南通海、剑川匠系民居木构架特点比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Timber Frame Characteristics of the Craftsman Dwellings in Tonghai and Jianchuan of Yunnan Province

云南汉式合院民居受到明清时期汉文化及其建筑技艺不同程度的影响,在民居木构架的形式和建构技艺上,呈现出明显的地方差异。滇南的通海匠系和滇西的剑川匠系是云南两大木构技艺匠作的主流体系。云南各地的汉式合院民居也基本遵循这两大匠作体系的营造规律不断演化。重点分析了云南汉式合院民居的木构形式、屋顶构造等,探寻两大匠作体系的构架形式、构造方式之间存在的差异性特点,以及建筑文化对构架形式的不同影响,进而获得对这两大匠作体系的建构工艺与应用更深入的认识。

The traditional folk house carries the wisdom of Chinese traditional architecture,it is of great historical significance to protect traditional architecture and inherit traditional culture,and there is also a trend of highlighting cultural self-confidence in today’s society. Due to the differences in physical geography and cultural environment, the Jiangnan Han culture courtyard dwellings in Yunnan have been influenced to varying degrees by the Han-style culture and architectural techniques of Central Plain during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There have been also obvious local differences in the form and construction techniques of the timber frame of the dwellings. The craftsmen of Tonghai County in Southern Yunnan and Jianchuan County in Western Yunnan are the mainstream of the two main wood craftsmen of Yunnan. The Hanstyle courtyard dwellings in various parts of Yunnan also follow the rules of these two craftsman systems. This paper focuses on the analysis of the specific content of the wooden form and roof structure of the Han-style courtyard dwellings in Yunnan, and explores the differences between the two craftsman systems in the form of structure and the structure form,as well as the different influences of architectural culture on the form of structure. It is intended to gain a deeper understanding of the construction process and application of these two craftsman systems.