华北霾日的时空分布特征分析

Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Haze in North China

利用1961—2011年共51a华北地区50个站冬季及12月—2月逐月不同级别的霾日资料,研究了华北地区霾日的时空分布特征,结果发现:霾日的分布很不均匀,霾日大值区大多为工业城市、高度发达的城市以及煤炭生产基地,“浊岛”现象明显,华北地区霾日大值区呈西南—东北向分布,来自京津冀外区域的污染物跨城市群输送的影响非常显著。研究还表明,除山西平均霾日一直呈增长趋势外,其他地区霾日近年均呈下降趋势。从各大城市的变化特点看,太原、石家庄和呼和浩特呈一致的增长趋势,济南市、北京市和天津市的霾日均呈下降趋势。大城市冬季霾日出现最多的集中在12月和1月。

Based on the data of haze days in winter and monthly haze days in December,January,and February which collected at 50 stations in north China for the period from 1961 to 2011,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of different levels of haze days in north China has been studied.Results suggest that:the distribution of the haze is very uneven,greater value mostly occures in industrial city,highly developed cities and coal base,turbidity island phenomenon is obvious,the high value of hazy days distribute from the southwest to the northeast,it is very significantly that influence of the pollutants across from the outside area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.The study also shows that the average haze days have been on the rise except in Shanxi,haze days have been on the decline in other regions in recent years.From the change characteristics of each big city,the average haze days of Taiyuan,Shijiazhuang and Hohhot show a consistent growth trend,while Jinan,Beijing and Tianjin shows a downward trend.The haze days of winter are most concentrated in big cities in December and January.