新疆温宿核桃生长关键期气象指标及气象灾害影响

Meteorological Indexes and Effects of Meteorological Disasters during Key Growing Period of Walnut in Wensu County, Xinjiang

对新疆温宿核桃生长的整个物候期、生长期间气象条件及主要气象灾害进行了统计分析,得出相关气象指标,为防灾减灾提供有效参考依据。结果表明:2000年至今随着年份的递增,核桃花芽膨大期、果实成熟期差异变化不明显,展叶期和开花期逐年均呈偏早趋势;≥9℃积温与萌芽期呈极显著负相关,即积温越高,萌芽越早;核桃花期与≥3℃积温和4月日照时数成显著负相关,即日照时数多,热量足,花期越早;花期与4月浮尘日数成正相关,即4月浮尘日数多,花期推迟;果实成熟期与6月的日照时数和6月平均最高气温相关显著,即6月日照时数越多,温度越高,核桃成熟越早;越冬期日最低气温-25℃以下持续7d以上,或极端低温-28℃以下持续24h以上,核桃树就可能遭受冻害。花期主要影响气象灾害为大风浮尘、高温,果实生长期为高温、持续降水,越冬休眠期主要为低温冻害。

The phenological period,meteorological conditions of growth stage and main meteorological disasters of walnut were statistically analyzed to provide reference for effective measures of disaster prevention and reduction.The results showed that there was no significant difference during the stages of fruit maturity and bud expansion since 2000,and the stages of leaf development and flowering showed advanced trend.The flowering period was positively correlated with the accumulated temperature of≥3℃during the period of flowering and the sunshine duration in April.The higher the accumulated temperature was,the earlier the flowering time was.The positive significant correlation existed between fruit maturity and sunshine duration in June.The more sunshine hours were,the earlier the maturation period was.The daily minimum temperature below-25℃in the wintering period lasted more than 7 days,or the extreme low temperature below-28℃surpassed 24 hours,walnut trees could be frozen.The main meteorological disasters were strong wind,floating dust and high temperature during flowering.The meteorological disasters during the period of fruit growth were high temperature and continuous precipitation,and was mainly low temperature and freezing injury in overwintering dormancy.