昆虫受精孔形态及其功能研究进展

Advances of Micropylar Morphology and Its Function in Insects

昆虫受精孔是在卵子发生后期,由滤泡细胞分化形成的微小孔道,在多数昆虫的卵壳上形成开口,是精子进入成熟卵的重要通道。受精孔区的形态结构或受精孔数目在不同昆虫中均存在较大差异,已作为重要的形态依据应用于一些种类的分类学研究中,同时研究表明鳞翅目昆虫受精孔数目与其生殖特性具有协同进化关系。近年来有研究发现,许多昆虫的受精孔数目常受交配等因素影响而发生变化,且在少数种类的突变体中也具有显著变化。目前,国内外关于受精孔的研究主要集中于受精孔区的形态观察与描述,而对其形态和数量变化的生物学功能及分子调节机制研究较少。故对昆虫受精孔的研究现状进行全面总结,并就未来的研究方向进行展望,以期为人们深入研究昆虫受精孔的形成机制及在害虫防治中的应用提供理论依据。

Micropyle is a small opening in egg shell that allows sperm to enter into the mature oocyte and they are deposited by the follicle cells during the late oogenesis phase.The morphology,structure,and number of micropyles are vastly different among different insect species.Thus,these features have been used as important identification characteristics in the taxonomic study of several insect species.This research conducted in Lepidoptera also revealed that the number variation of micropyles was co-evolved with their reproductive characteristics.In recent years,several studies have shown that the number of micropyles was changeable when the females were under different mating status(mate or virgin female)or paired with different males.In addition,for some mutants,their eggs had significantly different number of micropyles compared with those of the typical phenotype.In summary,the present studies were mostly focused on the morphology observation and description;while studies related to the regulation mechanisms of the number variation of micropyles and their biological functions were extreme scarce This paper has summarized the literature on various aspects of micropyles research and highlighted the perspectives of future studies.This paper maybe provide new insight for revealing the regulation mechanism of micropyles formation and the application prospect in pest management.