覆盖模式对不同类型旱地冬小麦土壤水温特征、籽粒品质和产量的影响

Effect of Mulching Modes on Soil Water and Temperature,Grain Quality and Yield of Different Dryland Winter Wheat

为探讨覆盖模式对不同类型旱地冬小麦籽粒品质和产量的调控效应,在甘肃半干旱雨养农业区大田条件下,采用双因素裂区设计,以常规耕作(CT)、全膜覆土穴播(PM)、玉米秸秆带状覆盖(SM)3种种植模式为主区,‘中麦175’(ZM175)、‘兰天26号’(LT26)、‘天选50号’(TX50)3个旱地冬小麦品种为副区,分析不同覆盖模式和小麦品种组合处理下旱地麦田水温特征、籽粒品质和产量的差异。结果表明,覆盖不同程度降低了灌浆期0~25cm土壤温度,并增加拔节期和收获期0~120mm土壤含水量。PM土壤温度比CT降低1.3℃,土壤含水量提高5.20%,籽粒产量增加9.36%,产量增加的主要原因是穗粒数的显著增加。SM土壤温度比CT低1.5℃,土壤含水量提高9.75%,籽粒产量略高于CT,但差异不显著。品种间籽粒产量差异显著,依次为LT26>ZM175>TX50。覆盖(PM和SM)对籽粒蛋白质质量分数、降落数值、湿面筋质量分数、糊化粘度、面团稳定时间、粉质评价值有显著影响。比较CT,PM降落数值、面团稳定时间、粉质评价值分别增加4.13%、16.13%和8.33%;SM籽粒蛋白质和湿面筋质量分数分别降低2.52%和6.07%,峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度分别提高1.93%、3.86%、2.46%。研究也表明,所有品质指标在品种间差异显著。以上结果说明,在降水量500mm左右的甘肃半干旱雨养农业区,PM有利于强筋型品种加工品质的优化,SM趋于使弱筋型品种筋力更弱,但由于覆盖模式对加工品质的影响相对有限,合理的品种选择是实现该区域旱地冬小麦优质化生产的关键。

A two-factor split plot design was adopted in Gansu semi-arid rain-fed agricultural region in order to explore the effect of mulching modes on grain quality and yield on dryland wheat.Main-plots treatment included conventional tillage without mulch(CT),conventional tillage with plastics film mulched(PM)and conventional tillage with maize straw mulched(SM).Three cultivars were‘Zhongmai 175’(ZM175),‘Lantian 26’(LT26)and‘Tianxuan 50’(TX50).The soil water and temperature characters,grain quality and yield were analyzed under different combinations between planting models and cultivars.The results showed that mulch decreased soil temperature in 0-25 cm at the filling stage,increased water content in 0-120 mm at the booting and harvesting stage.Compared to the CT,PM decreased soil temperature by 1.3℃and raised soil water content by 5.20%,and increased grain yield by 9.36%due to the increase of seed number per spike;SM decreased soil temperature by 1.5℃and increased soil water content by 9.75%,while SM had similar grain yield to CT.The significant difference of grain yield was found among three varieties with the order of LT26>ZM175>TX50.Mulch had a significant effect on grain protein mass fraction,falling number,and wet gluten mass fraction,pasting viscosity,dough stable time and farinograph evaluation value.Compared to CT,flour falling number,dough stable time and farinograph evaluation value in PM increased significantly by 4.13%,16.13%and 8.33%,respectively.Grain protein mass fraction and wet gluten mass fraction in SM were lower significantly by 2.52%and 6.07%than those in CT,respectively,while peak viscosity,hold through and final viscosity were higher by 1.93%,3.86%and 2.46%,respectively.All the quality parameters showed the significant difference among the cultivars.The above results indicated that PM has a tendency to improve process quality of the strong gluten wheat while SM is favorable to that of the weak gluten wheat in the semi-arid rainfed farming area of Gansu Province with about 500 mm precipitation.Besides,strengthening the selection of the variety with the high-quality end use,combining with appropriate planting model,is considered as the best way to achieve the high-quality production of winter wheat in this region.