阿尔茨海默症的发病机理假说

Hypothesis of the Pathogenesis for Alzheimer’s Disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’sdisease,AD)是一种最常见的神经退行性疾病,会导致患者认知障碍、失语、执行和记忆力逐渐下降。严重影响患者的日常生活。目前其致病机理尚未明确。解释该疾病致病机理的假说主要有胆碱能假说、β-淀粉样蛋白假说、Tau蛋白假说、金属离子紊乱假说等。目前已经获得批准上市的药物只有五种,其中的四种是根据胆碱能假说理论开发的,属于胆碱酯酶抑制剂。β-淀粉样蛋白假说和Tau蛋白假说是目前研究AD的重要理论基础。脑内金属离子紊乱假说是近几年新提出的解释,也是目前备受关注的热点,更是有望达到突破性研究的重点研究方向。

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases,which will causes the function decline of cognitive impairment,aphasia,executive and memory.The daily life of AD patients has been seriously disturbed.The hypothesis of the pathogenesis for the disease mainly including the hypochoxia hypothesis,theβ-amyloid hypothesis,the Tau protein hypothesis and the metal ion disorder hypothesis,etc.There are only five drugs that have been approved for marketing,four of which are developed according to the theory of cholinergic hypothesis and belonged to cholinesterase inhibitors.Theβ-amyloid hypothesis and the Tau protein hypothesis are important theoretical foundations for the current study of AD.The hypothesis of metal ion disorder in the brain is a new explanation for the pathogenesis of AD in recent years.It is also a hot spot that is receiving much attention currently.It is expected to reach the key research direction of breakthrough research.