碳负离子亲核取代反应的纵深思维导图

Deep Thinking Map of Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of Carbanion

亲核取代反应在有机化学中非常重要,已被广泛应用于有机合成尤其是在杂环化合物的合成等领域。根据反应底物的不同,分为四类:以脂肪族氯代烃为代表的饱和碳原子上的亲核取代反应:SN1和SN2;以烯烃和芳环为底物的亲核取代反应;以苯炔中间体的亲核取代反应以及酰卤、酸酐、酯、酰胺等羧酸衍生物的亲核取代反应。本论文重点阐述总结涉及碳负离子参与的亲核取代反应,找寻出反应的规律性,以帮助学生牢牢掌握该知识点。

As a critical part of organic chemistry,nucleophilic substitution reactions have seen wide application in the field of organic synthesis,especially in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.Based on different reaction substrates,nucleophilic substitution reaction can be classified into four types-SN1 and SN2 which are nucleophilic substitution reaction on saturated carbon atoms represented by aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons;nucleophilic substitution reaction with olefin and aromatic ring as substrate;nucleophilic substitution reaction on benzyne intermediate and nucleophilic substitution reaction on carboxylic acid derivative such as acid halide,acid anhydride,ester and amide.By focusing on the nucleophilic substitution reaction involving carbanion,this paper intends to find the regularity of such reactions,helping students to understand this knowledge more deeply.