新中国70年社会建设和社会巨变

Social Construction and Historic Changes of 70 Years Since 1949

以新中国70年为时间跨度,划分为六个阶段,分析了社会建设和发展的历程,阐述了社会建设的突出成就,并总结了社会建设的基体经验。指出中华人民共和国成立70年来,人民生活水平大幅度提高,基本实现工业化、城镇化,人口结构和人口素质发生历史性转变,反贫困取得世界瞩目的巨大成就,覆盖全民的社会保障体系基本形成。强调新时代中国社会建设面临的新挑战、新趋势,中国发展的动力、发展的资源约束条件和发展的国际环境都发生前所未有的变化;即将步入高收入经济体行列,但仍不能轻言跨越“中等收入陷阱”;劳动力供求关系发生深刻变化,高质量发展有赖于形成新的人口红利;农民普遍富裕起来仍是难点,解决贫富差距是一项长期任务;老龄化速度加快,全社会总抚养比提高成为不可逆的长期趋势。

This paper divides the 70 years of new China into six stages, analyses the course of the social construction and development, expounds the outstanding achievements, and summarizes the basic experience. It is pointed out that in the past 70 years since the founding of People′s Republic of China, people′s living standards have been greatly improved, industrialization and urbanization have been basically realized, historic changes have taken place in population structure and population quality, tremendous achievements have been made in combating poverty, and a social security system covering the whole people has basically been formed. The paper reveals that China is facing a series of new challenges and trends, that is, unprecedented changes have taken place in China′s motive force, resource constraints and international situation for development;China will enter the ranks of high-income economies, but it is still facing the "middle-income trap";profound changes have taken place in the relationship between labor supply and demand, and high-quality development depends on the formation of a new demographic dividend based on education and training. It is still difficult for most peasants to become the middle income group in general;solving the gap between the rich and the poor is a long-term task;the acceleration of aging, the improvement of the dependency ratio of the whole society has become an irreversible long-term trend.