母亲孕前BMI、孕期增重与新生儿出生体重的关系

The relationship between pre-pregnant BMI, gestational weight gain and neonatal birth weight

目的了解母亲孕前BMI、孕期增重与新生儿出生体重及巨大儿发生率的关系,为提高母婴健康水平、开展孕期保健工作提供依据。方法根据知信行理论设计问卷,采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取安徽省三市0~2岁儿童母亲进行问卷调查。采用epidata3.1进行数据录入,SPSS17.0进行统计描述、χ^2检验和方差分析。结果共计调查三市0~2岁儿童母亲1050人,有效应答1010人(96.2%)。孕期低体重组巨大儿发生率低于正常体重组(χ^2=8.25,P<0.05),低于超重组(χ^2=3.96,P<0.05)。孕期低体重组新生儿出生体重低于其他两组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。孕期增重过多组巨大儿发生率高于增重合适组(χ^2=6.234,P<0.05),孕期增重过多组新生儿出生体重高于其他两组(P<0.05,P<0.001)。孕前正常体重妇女孕期增重过多组巨大儿发生率高于孕期增重合适组(χ^2=6.75,P<0.01)。孕期增重过多组新生儿出生体重高于其他两组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论孕前BMI和孕期增重与新生儿出生体重密切相关,孕前BMI过高和孕期增重过多是生产巨大儿的重要危险因素。孕妇应根据自身情况合理控制孕期增重,以获得良好的妊娠结局,保障母婴健康。

Objective:To understand the relationship between pre-pregnant BMI and weight gain during pregnancy,neonatal birth weight and incidence of macrosomia in order to improve maternal and infant health and provide basis for health care during pregnancy.Methods:A questionnaire were designed according to the theory of knowledge-attitude-behavior.Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to choose mothers of 0-2 year old children in three cities of Anhui province.Epidata3.1 was used for data entry,and SPSS17.0 for statistical description,chi square test and variance analysis.Results:A total of 1050 children aged 0-2 years old in three cities were surveyed,and effective responses were 1010(96.2%).The incidences of macrosomia and neonatal birth weight during pregnancy in under weight group were lower than those in the other 2 groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).The incidences of macrosomia and neonatal birth weight in overweight group were higher than those in the other 2 groups(P<0.05,P<0.001).The incidences of macrosomia and birth weight in normal weight group were higher than those in the other 2 groups(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusions:Pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy are closely related to the birth weight of newborns.Excessive pre-pregnant BMI and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are important risk factors for giving birth to macrosomia.To achieve good pregnancy outcomes and ensure maternal and infant health,pregnant women should reasonably control their weight gain during pregnancy according to their own conditions.