辽河流域全氟和多氟烷基化合物来源、赋存和风险评价研究进展

Research progress of evaluation on sources,occurrence and ecological risk of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Liaohe River Basin

综述了辽河流域全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)的来源及其在地表水、沉积物和生物体内的分布特征及变化趋势。PFASs可通过生产及使用、污水处理厂尾水排放及挥发性前体物质大气迁移降解3种途径进入水环境中。不同环境介质内PFASs赋存现状不同:地表水中PFASs质量浓度随时间呈递增趋势,且以短链PFASs及PFOA为主;沉积物中PFASs质量比随时间呈下降趋势,且以PFOA和PFOS为主;生物体内以PFOS为主。比较分析了PFASs的生态风险评价方法并阐述辽河流域PFASs的生态风险状况,建议进一步加强流域尺度下PFASs的科学研究和管理。

The sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)in Liaohe River Basin and its distribution characteristics and changing trends in surface water, sediments and organisms are summarized. The PFASs can enter the water environment through three ways: production and use, tail water discharge from sewage treatment plants and atmospheric transport and degradation of volatile precursors. The occurrence status of PFASs in different environmental media is different. The concentration of PFASs in surface water tends to increase with time, with short-chain PFASs and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)being the most abundant PFASs. The mass ratio of PFASs in sediments decreases with time, with PFOA and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)being predominant. PFOS is dominant in biota. The ecological risk assessment methods of PFASs are compared and analyzed, and the ecological risk status of PFASs in Liaohe River Basin is expounded. It is suggested that the scientific research and management of PFASs should be further strengthened at watershed scale.