产业扶贫为什么容易失败?——基于贫困户增能的结构性困境分析

Why Is the Industrial Poverty Alleviation Easy to Fail?——Analysis Based on Structural Dilemma of Empowerment for Poor Households

当前对产业扶贫失败的原因分析主要从结构主义视角出发,侧重于分析外在因素对产业扶贫的影响和制约,而较少从建构主义角度考虑贫困户的主体性。从结构主义建构论出发,将贫困户的主体性因素和外在的结构性因素置于解释产业扶贫成败的理论框架,并借用阿玛蒂亚·森的“可行能力”作为贫困户主体性的核心内容,外在结构性因素包括产业的市场逻辑主导和政府的行政逻辑主导。研究结果认为:产业扶贫的核心目的是要培养贫困户的自我发展能力,产业的市场逻辑和政府的行政逻辑作为约束产业扶贫的外在结构性因素,不利于贫困户的自我发展能力提升,从而造成产业扶贫的效果偏离预期目标。

At present,the analysis of the reasons for the failure of industrial poverty alleviation mainly focuses on the impact and restriction of external factors on industrial poverty alleviation from the perspective of structuralism,while less on the subjectivity of poor households from the perspective of constructivism.Starting from the structuralist constructivism,this paper puts the subjective and external structural factors of poor households in the theoretical framework of explaining the success or failure of industrial poverty alleviation,and borrows Amartya Sen’s“feasible ability”as the core content of the subjectivity of poor households.The external structural factors include the market logic of industry and the administrative logic of government.The conclusion is that the core purpose of industrial poverty alleviation is to cultivate the self-development ability of poor households.As an external structural factor restraining industrial poverty alleviation,industrial market logic and government administrative logic are not conducive to improving the self-development ability of poor households,thus causing the effect of industrial poverty alleviation to deviate from the expected goal.