晚明外销瓷器型设计与境外术语辨考

Type and Terminology of Export Porcelain in the Late Ming Dynasty

晚明时期,随着全球性航海贸易的兴起和中国海禁的松弛,荷兰逐渐取代葡萄牙等海上贸易的主导地位,成为十七世纪海上贸易的霸主。1602年成立荷兰东印度公司后,中国的瓷器被数以万计的运往欧洲。在晚明的外销瓷贸易中,瓷器的纹样元素仍以中国设计为主,但在器型中受到海外贸易供需影响有所改变并有所发展。丰富的晚明外销瓷器型在荷兰的订单中都有特定的术语,和功能相关。

Dutch merchants played the dominant role instead of Portuguese on maritime trade by the rising of global trade and change of Chinese ban in the Late Ming Dynasty. Numerous Chinese porcelains were traded into Europe by the establishment of Dutch East India Company (VOC). Decoration of the export porcelain was followed the design domestic porcelain in that period. However, the type of export porcelain started to change in the process of the development of trade. All the type of porcelain was given specific terminology in Dutch language.