赤泥中有价金属提取的进展

Progress in extraction of valuable metals from red mud

随着氧化铝工业的发展,赤泥的堆放及危害已成为日益严重的环境问题,如何有效地利用赤泥已刻不容缓.介绍了赤泥的基本性质,国内外赤泥在有价金属回收方面的研究进展,并通过火法和湿法两方面对赤泥的有价金属回收进行了阐述.火法中还原焙烧——磁选工艺和直接还原进行铁元素的提取;湿法中采用盐酸和硫酸酸洗浸出提取钪、钛、铁元素;以及近些年,通过高梯度脉动磁选机,直接磁选出赤泥中的赤铁矿,均为回收赤泥中的有价金属提供了有效途径.

With the development of alumina industry,red mud storage and the hazards have caused serious environmental problems,and how to effectively use red mud has become an urgent issue.In this paper,the basic properties of red mud and the research progress in the recovery of valuable metals from red mud at home and abroad are introduced,and the recovery of valuable metals from red mud is expounded through pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical method.Ferric elements were extracted by reduction roasting-magnetic separation and direct reduction in pyrometry,and scandium,titanium and iron were extracted by hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid pickling in hydrometallurgical process.In recent years,hematite in red mud has been directly select ed by high gradient pulsating magnetic separator,which provides an effective way to recover valuable metals from red mud.