伦理咨商:化解疾病治疗伦理矛盾的路径选择

Ethical Counseling as a Choice to Resolve the Contradictions in the Ethic of Disease Therapy

疾病治疗伦理是一种完全的实践性伦理,主要目的是能够帮助医疗实践主体进行有效的道德评价和判断,并在有限的时间内做出最有利的治疗选择。但在现实的医疗情境中,这种道德选择往往陷入极其复杂和多重困难的境地,导致许多不同的伦理争论,并造成医疗实践中的失误,成为违背常规伦理道德观念的典型案例。在不涉及具体治疗方法中的伦理问题的前提下,并在最为狭义的范围内探讨疾病治疗中的伦理问题,可以发现:疾病治与不治之间的伦理界限很难界定;"姑息治疗"是为了消除"过度医疗"弊端而产生的一种充分体现医者道德理性和智慧的治疗模式;伦理咨商路径,即具有伦理学知识和道德智慧专长的人通过对话方式帮助特殊的个体做出有效的道德选择。

The ethics of disease treatment is a kind of complete practical ethics. Its main purpose is to help people make effective moral evaluation and judgment in medical practice,thus making the most favorable treatment choice within limited time. But in the realistic medical situation,this kind of moral choice often falls into an extremely complex and multiple complicated situation,and causes many different ethics debates. It has led to errors in medical practice and violations of conventional ethical values. This paper only discusses the ethics of diseases therapy in the narrowest sense,and does not involve the ethics in specific treatment methods. The discussion focuses on the following three aspects: 1) the ethical boundary between disease treatment and non-treatment;2) ethical issues between palliative care and excessive medical treatment;3) Ethical counseling as a possible solution.