百变阿诗玛:文化旅游与乡土影观女性气质的建构

Ever-Changing Ashima: Cultural Tourism and Femininity Construction of Rural Landscape

乡土景观的性别讨论,指向的是乡土景观的人文内涵。因地域环境、气候物产、地形地貌、聚落空间、道路交通、文化遗产等景观元素的影响,每个乡土村寨的景观性别,均有其独特的文化表征,实难总结出某种普适性的景观性别规律。本文以"阿诗玛文化"--一种女性气质的文化在云南省石林彝族撒尼村寨乡土景观中表征的个案,论述在文化旅游的介入下,乡土景观女性气质建构的多样形态--百变阿诗玛。在文化旅游情境中,阿诗玛,特别是以叙事长诗《阿诗玛》和电影《阿诗玛》为核心的符号资源,被各种力量主体争抢,并在各种类型的文化、消费场域中使用,形成阿诗玛文化的乡土景观。

The discussion on the gender of rural landscape is actually the study of humanistic connotation of rural landscape. Due to the influence of landscape elements such as regional environment,climate and products,topography and landform,settlement space,road traffic and cultural heritage,the landscape gender of each rural village varies with its unique cultural representation,and it is difficult to summarize the universal gender rules of all the landscape. Based on the study of Ashima,the heroin of a legendary story of Yi nationality,represented the feminine culture in the local landscape of Sani Village in Shilin County,Yunnan Province,this paper discusses the various forms of constructing the local landscape femininity with the intervention of cultural tourism. In the context of cultural tourism,Ashima,especially the symbol resources with narrative poem about Ashima and the movie about Ashima as the core,are contested by various factors and used in various types of culture and consumption fields to form the rural landscape of Ashima culture.