我国高等工程教育转型:历史变迁与当代实践逻辑

The transformation of higher engineering education in China: historical changes and contemporary practical logics

纵观历史,我国高等工程教育经历了三次大的重要转型:清朝末期至民国时期层次化和制度化的工程教育转型,中华人民共和国成立初期国家化和工具化的工程教育转型以及改革开放以来以“一体两翼”为核心的工程教育转型。当代我国高等工程教育探索主要体现在工程教育理念、人才培养模式和工程教育目标三个方面,表现为国家、市场和院校之间非线性变迁的发展逻辑,政府规制与高校自治相统一的治理逻辑,国际化与本土化共振的行动逻辑,目标与需求一致的人才培养逻辑。这些转型逻辑对于新工科建设具有重要的理论价值和实践指导意义。

Throughout history,higher engineering education in China has experienced three major important transformations: hierarchical and institutional engineering education transformation from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,national and instrumentalized engineering education transformation during the early period of the People′s Republic of China,as well as the engineering education transformation based on "one body with two wings" since the reform and opening-up.The contemporary higher engineering education exploration in China is mainly reflected in three aspects of the concept of engineering education,the mode of talent training and the goal of engineering education.The transformation is manifested in the development logic of nonlinear changes among the state,market and institution,the governance logic of the unification of government regulation and university autonomy,the action logic of the resonance of internationalization and localization,and the talent training logic of the consistency of goals and demands.These transformation logics have important theoretical value and practical significance for the construction of emerging engineering education.