稻草还田对设施切花菊品质及连作土壤养分的影响

Effect of straw returned into field on quality of greenhouse cut chrysanthemum and soil nutrient status with continuous cropping

[目的]针对设施切花菊连作土壤质量严重下降切花菊品质逐年下降的现象,研究探讨暗管排水(埋管最适间距2 m)条件下,稻草还田措施对设施切花菊‘神马’连作土壤理化性质及品质的改善效果。[方法]试验设5个处理:1)无暗管和无秸秆还田(CK);2)有暗管和无秸秆还田(PS0);3)有暗管和800 kg/hm^2秸秆还田(PS800);4)有暗管和1600 kg/hm^2秸秆还田(PS1600);5)有暗管和2400 kg/hm^2秸秆还田(PS2400)。测定温室耕作层土壤(0 15 cm)养分含量、阳离子交换量、全盐含量以及植株主要生理指标。[结果]暗管排水条件下,不同稻草还田量均可显著增加土壤中的有机质含量、有效磷含量及速效钾含量。与CK相比,1600 kg/hm^2稻草还田量处理后土壤碱解氮含量最低,而土壤的阳离子交换量与其他处理相比分别增加了32.7%、23.6%、11.4%、8.23%;除此之外,各稻草还田处理均可有效降低土壤pH值、土壤全盐量及电导率,其中1600 kg/hm^2稻草还田量处理后土壤耕作层电导率最低,为167μS/cm,相比CK下降了31.1%;各稻草还田处理使切花菊的株高、茎粗、舌状花数、花鲜重和生物量等主要生理指标显著提高,切花菊‘神马’的株高、舌状花数、生物量在1600 kg/hm^2稻草还田处理下显著高于其他处理。[结论]1600 kg/hm^2稻草还田量为本试验综合效果最佳的处理,其对设施切花菊‘神马’土壤理化性质改善明显,土壤肥力增加显著,切花菊品质提高最佳。

【Objectives】Due to the deterioration of soil properties and the quality decreasing of cut chrysanthemum in continuous cropping system year by year in greenhouse,the effect of straw returned into field on soil properties and the quality of cut chrysanthemum‘Jimba’was studied.【Methods】Under subsurface pipe drainage(optimum spacing of buried pipe 2 m)condition,the different straw amounts(0,800,1600 and 2400 kg/hm^2)were returned and their effect on the quality of cut chrysanthemum‘Jimba’and on soil properties were investigated through the determination of the nutrients,cation exchange capacity and total salt content in tillage layer soil(0–15 cm)and the main physiological parameters as well.【Results】Under the condition of subsurface pipe drainage,different amounts of straw returned could significantly increase soil organic matter,available phosphorus and readily available potassium contents.Compared with the control,the content of available nitrogen in soil showed the lowest after applied with 1600 kg/hm^2 straw,while the soil cation exchange capacity was increased by 32.7%,23.6%,11.4%,and 8.23%,respectively compared with other treatments.In addition,the treatments of returning straw into field could effectively reduce the pH,total salt content and electrical conductivity of the tillage layer soil,and the electrical conductivity of tillage layer soil after applied with 1600 kg/hm^2 straw was the lowest(167.2μS/cm),which was 31.1%lower than that of CK.The main physiological indexes such as plant height,stem diameter,ray florets,flower fresh weight,and biomass were significantly increased in all the treatments evaluated.Among them,application of 1600 kg/hm^2 straw into field had a significant increase in plant height,ray flowers,and biomass than other treatments.【Conclusions】The application of 1600 kg/hm^2 straw was the optimal treatment of all the treatments evaluated,not only the soil physical and chemical properties were improved obviously,but also the soil fertility and the quality of the cut chrysanthemum‘Jimba’were increased significantly.