全面抗战时期苏联对国共两党援助比较研究

Soviet Union’s Aid to Kuomintang and Communist Party in the Period of Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War

全面抗战时期苏联对国共两党的援助在时间、方式和总量上都有非常大的差异。1937年8月21日,《中苏互不侵犯条约》的签订成为苏联向国共两党展开援助的起点,1943年共产国际解散后,苏联对国共两党的援助完全断绝。这一时期,苏联对国民政府的三笔大宗信用贷款是军事性的、有偿的,而对中共的“暗中接济”则是无偿的,被主要用于改善财政状况。苏联的差别化援助政策有鲜明的抗日导向和实用主义倾向,是苏联“唯实力论”选择下的结果。

During the period of Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War, the Soviet Union's assistance to the kuomintang and the communist party was quite different in terms of time, method and amount. On August 21, 1937, the signing of the non-aggression pact between China and the Soviet Union became the starting point of the Soviet Union's assistance to the Kuomintang and the communist party. After the dissolution of the communist international in 1943, the Soviet Union completely cut off the assistance to both the Kuomintang and the communist party. During this period, the three major credit loans made by the Soviet Union to the national government were military and paid, while the "secret aid" to the communist party was free and mainly used to improve its financial situation. The differentiated aid policy of the Soviet Union had a clear anti-Japanese orientation and pragmatic tendency, which was the result of the Soviet Union's "theory of strength".