浅谈山东省新型基础地理信息数据库更新

基础地理信息数据库升级与动态更新是新型基础测绘的主要任务之一,应时代要求,根据《山东省“十三五”基础测绘规划》总体部署,山东省启动了1:10000基础地理信息数据库更新工程,并完成了部分地区的地形要素更新工作。主要结合工作实际情况,本文主要从工作内容、数据总体情况、技术路线、资料利用情况、主要问题处理等方面进行了探讨。首先,本次更新是对“十二五”数字线划图和地理省情监测数据进行融合整理的基础上进行数据库的更新工作,与以往基础地理信息数据库更新不同,首次融入地理国情普查数据作为更新本底数据库。本次更新要素内容主要包括水系、居民地及设施、交通及设施、植被与土质和地理单元五大要素类。技术路线更进一步优化,更新工作以内业判读为准,减少外业工作量。本次更新工作充分利用高分辨率正射影像、水利专题资料、交通专题资料等辅助数据采集工作,在提高数据精度和要素准确性的同时,也提高了作业效率。对更新过程中遇到的问题进行合理的处理,以备后续更新工作借鉴使用。与“十二五”期间基础地理信息数据库更新相比,大大减少了外业调查核查工作量,节省了大量人力物力。根据本次更新经验,建议在后期的更新中严格执行以影像现势性为准的原则,保持地形要素与影像的一致性,避免不同区域的表示方法不一致。在后期研究中应进一步探索结合年度基础性地理省情监测数据的方法和内容,尤其应同时兼顾省情监测和基础测绘两项任务的外业核查工作。

The basic geographic information database update and dynamic update is one of the main tasks of the new basic surveying and mapping,should according to the requirements of the times,"the overall deployment of Surveying and mapping in Shandong province"13th Five-Year"basic plan",Shandong province launched the 1:10000 basic geographic information database update project,and completed part of the updating of topographic elements.Combined with the actual situation of work,this paper discusses mainly from the aspects of work content,data overall situation,technical route,data utilization and main problems handling.First of all,this update is for the 12th Five-Year digital line map and geographic conditions monitoring data fusion based on sorting database updates,different from the previous basic geographic information database update,for the first time into the census geographic conditions as the background database update.The main elements of this update include water system,residential land and facilities,transportation and facilities,vegetation and soil and geographical elements of the five major elements.The technical route is further optimized,and the revision of the work is accurate,and the workload of the foreign industry is reduced.This update work makes full use of high resolution orthophoto,water conservancy thematic data,traffic thematic data and other auxiliary data collection.It improves data accuracy and accuracy while also improves operation efficiency.The problems encountered in the process of updating are dealt with reasonably in order to prepare for use for reference.Compared with the update of the basic geographic information database during the"12th Five-Year",it greatly reduced the workload of the investigation and verification of the foreign industry and saved a lot of manpower and material resources.According to the updated experience,suggestions in the later update to strictly enforce the image reality based principle,consistent with the terrain elements in different regions of the image,to avoid inconsistent representation.In the later research,we should further explore the methods and contents of integrating the annual basic geographic information monitoring data,especially considering the two tasks of the provincial and the basic surveying and mapping.