西方乡村绅士化研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF RURAL GENTRIFICATION IN WESTERN COUNTRIES

绅士化概念自1990s年代被拓展应用到乡村地区的转型重构以来,引起地理学、社会学等学科的广泛关注和重视,已经成为乡村领域一条卓有成效的研究路径,而国内相关研究甚少。针对此,本文在研读西方相关文献的基础上,从概念和内涵、原因和动力、影响和效应等方面对西方乡村绅士化的研究成果进行系统梳理和归纳。然后从与城市绅士化的区别、与逆城市化的细微差异、认识的不断深入以及研究方法的演变等方面开展了乡村绅士化研究述评。最后指出西方乡村绅士化研究对我国的启示,尝试提出我国该领域亟需解决的问题及未来研究的方向,以期丰富和完善我国乡村领域的研究视野和内容体系,为顺利实施我国乡村振兴战略提供科学依据和经验借鉴。

Since 1990s, the concept of gentrification has been extended to the application of transformation and reconstruction in rural areas. It has attracted extensive attention from various disciplines, such as geography and sociology. The research of rural gentrification in western countries is in the ascendant and has become an effective approach on the rural research over the past 20 years. However, there are few domestic researches in this field. Based on the western literature, this paper summarizes the researches of rural gentrification in western countries. The phenomenon of class replacement may not occur in the process of rural gentrification. "Gentlemen" in the concept of "gentrification" are not confined to certain social classes. Economic level and class composition are not the only constructing criteria for the group of rural gentries. Even though there exist some new concepts of rural gentries, such as marginal gentrification(lesbians, artists, etc)and self-gentrification(Some Indigenous people are improving their socio-economic standing and becoming "middle-class" or "gentry"). Its influence includes the change and restructuring in the rural aspects of population, economy, housing market, social and politics. It promotes the growth of rural population and slows down the general decline of rural population and the trend of high emigration rate. The local economic level has been improved and the proportion of service industry has increased. And the influx of urban middle class has triggered the rising of local real estate prices. Furthermore it means injecting new strata and social structures into rural destinations. The theoretical explanations mainly include two perspectives: demand(consumption) and supply(production). Then we make a review of rural gentrification according to the deeper understanding of this concept and the difference from urban gentrification and counter-urbanization. Finally,this paper puts forward the enlightenment of the foreign research of rural gentrification on China.