基于腾讯迁徙数据的中国“春运”城市间人口流动空间格局

SPATIAL PATTERN OF POPULATION FLOW AMONG CITIES IN CHINA DURING THE SPRING FESTIVAL TRAVEL RUSH BASED ON "TENCENT MIGRATION" DATA

“腾讯迁徙”大数据基于位置服务,实时、动态、完整、系统地描述了用户日常出行活动的轨迹。通过采集“腾讯迁徙”数据平台中2018年春运期间中国346个地级及以上城市之间的逐日人口流动数据,分“节前、节中、节后”3个时间段,利用复杂网络分析方法,从人口流动的集散层级、集散体系分层集聚特征、人口流动空间格局、网络空间特征等角度分析各时间段城市间的人口流动特征与空间格局。结果表明,腾讯迁徙大数据直观地揭示了春运期间中国城市间人口流动空间格局,3个时段人口的净流入均呈现十字形骨架支撑的菱形分布,人流集散中心主要集中在京津冀、长三角、珠三角和成渝4大城市群,与城市等级有较强的一致性。人口流动集散体系呈明显的分层集聚,城市行政级别的高低与人口流动影响力存在一定的正相关关系,大部分城市人口流动处于“相对平衡”状态。人口流动网络呈现东密西疏的分布特征和东部并联、西部串联的网络关联特征。人口流动网络局部具有较明显的“社区”结构特征,聚为3个大区级、5个跨区域级和1个地区级社区。

The big data of "Tencent Migration" is attained based on LBS(Location Based Services) technology that records the daily flow trajectory of the population between cities in a full, dynamic, instant and intuitive manner. Through collecting daily mobility data of 346 cities during the 2018 Spring Festival travel rush on the "Tencent Migration" data platform, the three time periods. i.e. "travel period, journey period and return period" are marked, and via the complex network analysis methods, from the perspectives of the distribution level of population flow, this paper analyzed the layered clustering of the distributed network system,the spatial pattern of the population flow and the spatial characteristics of the network, the daily flow characteristics and spatial pattern of the population in different time periods. The main conclusions are as follows: "Tencent migration" big data clearly discovers the temporal-spatial pattern of population mobility and structural characteristics of city network in China during the period of Spring Festival travel rush. The net inflow of population showed a diamond shaped with cross frame support in each period, the four nodes of the diamond contain Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu-Chongqing.