中国全新世人群头骨尺寸性别差异的时代比较

Size comparison of male and female skulls in Holocene

目的:分析全新世人群头骨尺寸性别差异率的时代间变化,并对比探讨男女头骨尺寸的时代变化率。方法:以中国考古遗址520例头骨为研究材料,用SPSS18.0软件进行同一时代男女测量性状的比较、不同时代间测量性状的比较,同时计算相应的性别差异率和时代变化率。结果:性别差异率分析显示,在男女头骨尺寸差异中,头骨高度的差异相对较大,现代人群面颅尺寸的性别差异率大于脑颅。“新石器-现代”的头骨时代变化率显示,头骨尺寸随时代而缩小,眶高增大,眶宽变小,这些变化在男女中较一致,但女性头骨缩小程度大于男性。结论:相比新石器与青铜铁器时代,现代人群中头骨尺寸性别差异率最大,可能主要源于新石器时代以来,头骨趋向于缩小的微观演化中,女性随时代减小的程度更加明显。

Objective:To analyze the temporal variation of gender difference rate of human skull size in the Holocene,and to explore the change rate of the skull sizes of males and females among different time periods.Methods:520 skulls from several archaeological sites in China were used as the materials.SPSS18.0 was used to compare the metric traits between males and females both at the same and different time periods,and calculate the gender differences rates and the change rates among different time periods.Results:The analysis of gender differences rates showed that the gender differences in skull height were the largest among all the size differences,and the rate of gender difference in facial sizes was greater than that in neurocranium in recent population.The change rate of skulls from Neolithic to present showed that the size of skulls decreased with ages,the orbital height increased,and the orbital breadth decreased;these changes between males and females remained consistent,but female skulls shrank more than male skulls.Conclusion:Compared with Neolithic Age and Bronze Iron Age,the sex difference rate of skull size is the largest in modern population,which probably is due to the fact that the skull size of women has decreased more obviously than that of men in the Holocene.