湖南白族6～16岁学生皮褶厚度与体成分

Skinfold thickness and body composition of Bai ethnic students aged 6-16 in Hunan

目的:了解湖南白族学生的皮褶厚度和体成分发育规律。方法:随机抽取湖南白族6~16岁学生1525名(男生748人,女生777人),采用人体测量方法,测量身高、体质量以及肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂前上棘和小腿内侧皮褶的厚度。根据公式计算体脂率、脂肪质量、瘦体质量、脂肪质量指数和瘦体质量指数。结果:随着年龄增长,女生的皮褶逐渐增厚,而男生15岁后逐渐变薄,各年龄组女生皮褶均厚于男生,多数年龄组男女生皮褶厚度均值比较差异有统计学意义;体脂率、脂肪质量、脂肪质量指数均值随年龄增长,女生的逐渐增加,而男生14岁后下降明显,各年龄组女生各指标值都明显高于男生;男女生的瘦体质量和瘦体质量指数发育曲线呈上升趋势并有2次交叉现象。结论:湖南白族学生的皮褶厚度及其体成分发育符合生长发育一般规律,并有性别差异,白族学生的体脂率低于裕固族、苗族等族群,皮下脂肪含量较少。

Objective:To study the characteristics and regularities of skinfold thickness and body composition of Bai ethnic students in Hunan.Methods:Stature,body mass,triceps skinfold,subscapular skinfold,anterior superior iliac skinfold and medial calf skinfold of 1525 Bai students(748 males and 777 females)aged 6-16 were measured in Hunan,and the percent of body fat,fat mass,lean body mass,fat mass index and lean mass index were calculated by formula.Results:The skinfold thickness of the Bai female students gradually increased with their age increasing.However,the skinfold thickness of the Bai male students decreased after 15 years old.The skinfold thickness of females were chicker than those of males,and there were statistically significant differences in the mean value of skinfold thickness between males and females in most age groups.The percent of body fat,fat mass and fat mass index of females gradually increased with their age increasing.However,those of males gradually decreased after 14 years old.The percent of body fat,fat mass and fat mass index of females were significantly higher than those of males in all age groups.The growth curves of lean body mass and lean mass index of males and females were on the rise and twice crossover phenomena appeared.Conclusion:The development of the skinfold thickness and body composition of Bai ethnicity students in Hunan are in conformity with the general growth pattern,and there is gender difference in the development of the skinfold thickness and body composition between male and female Bai students.Bai students have lower body fat rate and less subcutaneous fat than other ethnic groups such as Yugu and Miao.