基于全生命周期的农业绿色发展成本增量研究

Study of Increment Cost Estimation for Green Development of Agriculture Based on Full Life Cycle Assessment

农业绿色发展是推进乡村生态振兴的重大举措,文章以绿色农产品为中心,提出了农业绿色发展全生命周期的四个阶段,即规划设计阶段、生产加工阶段、储藏流通阶段和生态环境管控阶段,明确了农业绿色发展成本增量的内涵及计算方法,详细分析了农业绿色发展成本增量具有的复杂性、系统性、灰色性和递减性等特征,并对其主要影响因素即质量定位、技术措施、生态本底和利益主体进行了分析。最后,基于全生命周期方法,从生命周期不同阶段,对农业绿色发展成本增量的组成进行全过程识别和量化,实现农业绿色发展成本增量的阶段控制和管理,为农业绿色发展成本共担机制提供了技术依据,推动我国绿色生态为导向的农业补贴制度改革。

To promote the green development of agriculture is a major measure to accelerate rural ecological revitalization. This paper puts forward four stages of the whole life cycle of green development of agriculture, that is, the planning and design stage, the production and processing stage, the storage and circulation stage, and the agricultural ecological environment management stage. The connotation and calculation method of the increment cost of green development of agriculture in life cycle are clarified. The complexity, systematicness, grey feature, and diminishing nature of the increment cost of green development of agriculture are analyzed in detail. This paper analyzes the main factors affecting the increment cost of green development of agriculture, namely, quality orientation, technical measures, environment base, and interest groups of shareholders. The results showed that environmental management, ecological restoration, resource utilization, and management technology determined the cost increment of green development of agriculture to a certain extent. Finally, based on the whole life cycle method, from 4 stages of green agricultural products, the whole process of the increment cost of green development of agriculture is identified and quantified. It is beneficial to control and manage the incremental cost of green development of agriculture with full considerations of full life cycle assessment. The results provide a theoretical basis for the construction of the cost sharing mechanism of green development of agriculture and push forward the green-ecologicaloriented reform of the agricultural subsidy system in China.