将生活垃圾处理设施“邻避”补偿问题纳入生态补偿范畴的思考

Consideration on Integrating NIMBY Compensation in Domestic Waste Treatment Facilities into the Category of Ecological Compensation

随着我国城镇化的高速推进,城市生活垃圾产生量逐年递增,垃圾处理能力相对不足,一些城市面临“垃圾围城”的困境。近年来生活垃圾处理设施建设引发的“邻避”效应日渐凸显,环境利益补偿成为周边公众最重要的诉求之一。文章从探讨生态补偿内涵着手,借鉴国外有关经验,分析我国生活垃圾处理设施建设环境利益补偿现状和问题,建议拓展生态补偿内涵,将具有明显负外部环境效应的生活基础设施环境利益补偿纳入生态补偿范畴,逐步完善生活垃圾处理设施建设生态补偿政策体系,完善生活垃圾处理设施建设生态补偿机制建设,推动涉环保项目“邻避”风险防范与化解。

With the rapid advancement of urbanization in China, the production of municipal solid waste is increasing year by year, and the capacity of garbage disposal is relatively insufficient. Some cities are facing the dilemma of garbage siege. The "not in my back yard"(NIMBY) effect caused by the construction of domestic waste treatment facilities has become increasingly prominent while the compensation of environmental benefits has become one of the most important appeals of the surrounding public. This paper started with the connotation of ecological compensation and drew lessons from the experience of other countries. It analyzed the status quo and problems of compensation for environmental benefits in the construction of domestic waste treatment facilities. It suggested that the connotation of ecological compensation should be expanded and the ecological compensation of living infrastructure with obvious negative externality should be included. Meanwhile it should also be encouraged to gradually improve the system and mechanism of ecological compensation policy system for domestic waste treatment facilities to promote the prevention and resolution of the risk of NIMBY related to environmental protection projects.