棉针织物低温氧漂增白一浴法工艺研究

One-bath Oxygen Bleaching and Fluorescent Whitening Process of Cotton Knitted Fabric at Low Temperature

为解决棉针织物传统氧漂增白两浴法工艺中能耗高、效率低、排污量大等问题,文中采用一剂型练漂剂QM-4和耐氧漂增白剂对棉针织物进行氧漂增白一浴一步法处理。通过正交试验和单因素试验,研究了练漂剂QM-4用量、烧碱用量、双氧水用量、增白剂用量、冰醋酸用量、升温速率、温度及时间对织物白度、毛效、质量损失率和顶破强力等指标的影响,并与传统两浴法工艺对比。结果表明,最优氧漂增白一浴一步法工艺:练漂剂QM-4 2.5%,36°BeNaOH 5.0%,30.0%H2O2 5.0%,增白剂BHT 0.1%~0.8%,浴比1∶5,以1.0~2.0℃/min升温至80℃处理60 min;最优工艺条件下,生产实践处理后织物的各项关键性能指标与传统工艺相当或更好,且可缩短工艺时间,具有节能减排和增产增效的作用。

In order to solve the problems of high energy-consumption, low efficiency and large discharge in the traditional two-bath bleaching process of cotton knitted fabrics, in this paper, the one-bath one-step oxygen bleaching and fluorescent whitening process of the cotton knitted fabric was carried out with one-bath scouring-bleaching agent QM-4 and oxygen-resistant bleaching brightener. Through orthogonal experiments and single factor experiments, the effects of the dosage of QM-4, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, whitening agent and acetic acid, heating rate, temperature and time on the whiteness, capillary effect, weight loss, bursting strength and so on were investigated and compared with those of traditional two-bath bleaching process. The results show that the optimal technology of the one-bath one-step oxygen bleaching and fluorescent whitening process is that the dosage of QM-4 is 2.5%, 36°Bé NaOH is 5.0%, 30.0% H2O2 is 5.0%, optical brightener BHT is 0.1%~0.8%, and the bath ratio is 1∶5, and treated at 80 ℃ with a heating rate of 1.0~2.0 ℃/min for 60 minutes. Under the optimal condition the key performance indices of the fabrics after production practice are comparable or better than the traditional ones, and the processing time can be shortened, which has the functions of energy saving, emission reduction and production increasing and high efficiency.