“不NP”结构的历时演变及成句功能

The Diachronic Evolution and Sentence Function of “Bu(不)-NP” Structure

上古以来,"不N”构式成句都受到较严格的限制。"N不N”的历时变化主要表现为(1)由否定相似到肯否互补列举再到类别待选;(2)词组句式化。"不N”始终没有具备独立充当名谓句谓语的功能。“S不NP”的演变主要表现为(1)否定量域逐渐明确;(2)由语用否定数量到语义否定命题;(3)使用对举、内扩展等手段构造名谓句式,而副名词组和一量名词组等是否定类名谓句成立的必有成分。总之,"N不N”没有独立成为名谓句,而“S不一(几)N”之类"S不NP”结构逐渐演变为否定类名谓句。

Based on corpus, this paper examines the evolution and sentence-forming function of "bu+NP". Since ancient times, the sentence formation of the "bu+N" construction is strictly restricted. The diachronic change of "N+bu+N" is mainly manifested as:(1) from negative similarity, to positive and negative complementary enumeration, to category to be selected;(2) phrase sentence pattern.“bu+N" has never been able to act independently as the predicate of nominal predicate sentence. The evolution of "S+bu+NP" is mainly manifested as (1) the negative quantity field gradually clear;(2) from pragmatic negation quantity to semantic negation proposition;(3) The pattern of nominal predicate sentences is created by means of contrastive enumeration and internal expansion. And adverbial noun phrase and noun phrase with a quantifier are the necessary elements for the establishment of nominal predicate sentence of negation. In short,“N+bu+N" does not become a nominal predicate sentence independently, the structure of “S+bu+NP" such as “S+yi(ji)+N" has gradually evolved into a nominal predicate sentence of negation .