苹果酸盐的剂型对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵性能和血液指标的影响

Effects of different malate sources on growth performance,rumen fermentation and blood parameters of beef

文章旨在研究苹果酸盐的剂型对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵性能和血液指标的影响。试验选择体重为(216±25)kg的肉牛144头,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复8头。试验共设计3种以大麦、玉米和小麦为主的精料补充料,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1组饲喂基础日粮+1.08g苹果酸(98%纯度),处理2组饲喂基础日粮+2g苹果酸二氢钠钙(53%纯度),处理1组和处理2组苹果酸盐含量均为1.1g。试验共进行141d,分为5个阶段(1~28d、29~56d、57~84d、85~114d、115~141d)。各组日粮对肉牛日增重、日采食量和料比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。但日龄显著影响肉牛的生长性能指标(P<0.05)。各处理与日龄对日增重和料比的影响无显著交互效应(P>0.05)。肉牛饲喂苹果酸盐组瘤胃乳头颜色较对照组显著加深(P<0.05)。肉牛日龄对血液葡萄糖和尿素氮含量具有显著影响(P<0.05),但对乳酸含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。苹果酸盐组较苹果酸和对照组显著提高了1d瘤胃己酸的含量(P<0.05),苹果酸盐组瘤胃氨氮含量在各阶段均显著高于苹果酸和对照组(P<0.05),日粮处理和时间对乙酸、戊酸、异戊酸和己酸含量的影响具有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。根据试验得到的结果,作者推断,无论是以苹果酸单体还是苹果酸二氢钠钙盐的形式在精料补充料添加1.1g/kg苹果酸盐对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃相关指标及血液代谢物均无显著影响。

This study was conducted to evaluate the different malate sources on growth performance,rumen fermentation and blood parameters of beef. A total of 144 average body weight(216±25)kg beef were allotted to 3 groups with 6 replicates of 8 beef. There were 3 diets,the control fed with the barley-wheat-corn based diets,the treatment 1 fed with the basal diets addition of 1.08 malate acid,and the treatment 2 fed with the basal diets addition of 2 g malate disodium/calcium. The trial lasted 141 d. Neither BW gain nor feed intake or productive parameters were influenced by treatments(P > 0.05). There were differences in measures in time,due to animal growth(P < 0.05). No treatment with time interactions occurred in body weight gain and feed gain ratio(P > 0.05). Ruminal papilla colour was darker in malate acid fed beef(P < 0.05). Sampling time affected glucose(P < 0.05)and urea nitrogen(P < 0.05)concentrations,but had no effect on lactate concentrations (P > 0.05). Caproate molar proportions were higher(P < 0.05)in malate disodium/calcium group on 1 d sampling compared with those in control and malate acid groups(P < 0.05). Malate disodium/calcium group had higher rumen NH3–N concentrations compared with those in control and malate acid groups at all stages. Treatment with time interactions occurred for proportions of acetate,isovalerate,valerate and caproate(P < 0.05). Based on the data got,we induced that concentrate supplement of 1.1 g/kg malate had no effects on performance,ruminal parameters or blood metabolites of beef. Results did not depend on whether malate was administered as the free acid or as disodium–calcium salt.