饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆生长、体组成及血清生化指标的影响

Effects of different dietary lipid source on growth,tissue composition and serum biochemical indices of turbot

本试验以不同脂肪源配制成等氮等脂的7种饲料,对大菱鲆[(27.31±0.10)g]进行40 d的饲养试验,旨在探讨不同饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆生长、体组成、血清生化指标的影响。7种饲料分别添加6%的鱼油(FO)、大豆油(SO)、菜籽油(RO)、花生油(PO)、猪油(L)、鱼油-豆油(1∶1)(FSO)和鱼油-豆油-猪油(3∶4∶3)的混合油(MIX)。每组饲料设3个重复,每个重复12尾鱼。研究结果表明:(1)鱼油-豆油组特定生长率显著高于其他各组,较鱼油组(基础饲料组)提高了10.42%(P < 0.05),猪油组特定生长率最低,较鱼油组降低了19.79%(P < 0.05)。猪油、混合油、花生油组饲料系数分别较鱼油组提高了36.36%、33.33%、25.25%(P < 0.05),其余各组间无显著差异(P > 0.05);(2)饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆鱼体水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量影响不显著(P > 0.05),猪油组粗蛋白质含量显著低于鱼油组、菜籽油组和花生油组,其中较鱼油组降低了4.47%(P < 0.05)。摄食不同脂肪源饲料的大菱鲆空壳、内脏和背肌的脂肪含量差异不显著(P > 0.05),猪油组空壳的水分显著高于菜籽油组和混合油组(P < 0.05);(3)各试验组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和碱性磷酸酶含量无显著差异(P > 0.05)。猪油组和混合油组的谷丙转氨酶含量显著高于其他各组,较鱼油组分别升高了124.89%和119.94%(P < 0.05),混合油组的谷草转氨酶含量显著高于其他各组,较鱼油组提高了352.51%(P < 0.05),表明猪油组和混合油组鱼体肝脏受到一定程度的损伤。综合以上7种饲料脂肪源对鱼体生长性能、体组成及血清生化指标的影响,鱼油-豆油(1∶1)、豆油和菜籽油可作为大菱鲆饲料合适的脂肪源,而猪油、混合油不适宜作为大菱鲆的饲料脂肪源。

A 40-day growth trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary lipid source on growth,tissue composition and serum biochemical indices of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Seven diets were supplemented with 6% of fish oil (FO),soybean oil (SO),rapeseed oil (RO),peanut oil (PO),lard (L),fish oil-soybean oil (1∶1)(FSO) and mixed oil (fish oil:soybean oil∶lard=3∶4∶3)(MIX),respectively. The specific growth rate (SGR) in group FSO was significantly higher than those in other groups,which was 10.42% higher than that in (basic feed) group FO (P < 0.05). The lowest SGR was observed in group L,which was 19.79% lower than that in group FO (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio in group L,MIX and PO were 36.36%,33.33% and 25.25% higher than that in group FO,respectively (P < 0.05),and there was no significant difference among the other groups (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed among all groups in fish moisture,crude lipid and crude ash content (P > 0.05). Crude protein content in group L was significantly lower than that in group FO,RO and PO,which was 4.47% lower than that in group FO (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in lipid content of carcass,viscera and dorsal muscle among all groups (P > 0.05),while moisture of carcass in group L was significantly higher than those in group RO and MIX (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed among all groups in total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP)(P > 0.05). Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) content in group L and MIX were significantly higher than those in other groups,which were 124.89% and 119.94% higher than that in group FO,respectively (P < 0.05). Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) content in group MIX was significantly higher than those in other groups,which was 352.51% higher than that in group FO (P < 0.05). These results suggested that soybean oil and rapeseed oil could be used as lipid sources in turbot diets,and fish oil,soybean oil could be mixed together (1:1) as a better lipid source to enhance the growth of turbot.