黄曲霉毒素B1对肥育猪生长性能及血液、肝脏功能的影响

Effects of aflatoxin B1on growth performance,blood and liver function of finishing pigs

为研究黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)对肥育猪生长性能及血液肝脏功能的影响,选取体重为(80±2)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交肥育猪28头,随机分为4组(每组7头),分别饲喂4种不同处理日粮,即在基础日粮中添加0、20、100、200 μg/kg AFB1,预饲期7 d,试验期28 d。结果发现:日粮中添加AFB1,高剂量组平均日增重比对照组下降了9.1%(P < 0.01),而中剂量组和高剂量组的平均日采食量比对照组分别降低了1.9%、3.3%(P < 0.01)。添加AFB1高剂量组血清红细胞(RBC)比对照组提高14.6%(P < 0.05),低、中、高剂量组血红蛋白(HGB)含量比对照组分别提高14.4%、13.6%、18.7%(P < 0.01);高剂量组白细胞(WBC)比对照组降低了22.9%(P < 0.05),低、中、高剂量组血小板(PLT)分别比对照组降低36.5%、45.0%、51.2%(P < 0.01)。与对照组相比,低、中、高剂量组碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性分别提高33.8%、65.5%、93.2%(P < 0.01),谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性分别提高24.1%(P < 0.05)、137.7%、195.5%(P < 0.01),中、高剂量组谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性分别提高25.8%(P < 0.05)、62.2%、131.0%(P < 0.01)。而肝脏中AKP、GOT、GPT活性随AFB1添加量增加呈下降趋势,与对照组相比,低、中、高剂量组GOT活性分别降低16.9%、23.1%、25.1%(P < 0.01),AKP活性分别降低19.1%(P < 0.05)、42.2%、43.9%(P < 0.01),GPT活性分别降低5.0%、6.8%(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明,日粮中AFB1超标,尤其是含量达到100 μg/kg以上时,肥育猪生长性能下降,并且肥育猪的血液肝脏功能受到损害。

To study the effect of AFB1 on growth performance and antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs,28 “Du roc× Landrace × Large white” pigs with body weight of (80±2)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups (7 pigs per group).They were fed diets supplemented with 0,20,100,200 μg/kg pure AFB1,respectively. The pre-feeding period was 7 days and the test period was 28 days. The results showed that the average daily weight gain of the high dose group decreased by 9.1%(P < 0.01). While the average daily feed intake of the middle dose group and the high dose group decreased 1.9%,3.3%(P < 0.05) compared with the control group.After adding AFB1,the high-dose group of red blood cells (RBC) increased by 14.6%(P < 0.05).The content of hemoglobin (HGB) in the low,medium and high dose groups were 14.4%,13.6% and 18.7% higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01);In contrast,white blood cells (WBC) in the middle-dose group and the high-dose group were 16.8% and 22.9% lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05),respectively. Platelet (PLT)in the low,medium and high dose groups were reduced by 36.5%,45.0% and 51.2%(P < 0.01).Compared with the control group,the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in low,medium and high dose groups were increased by 33.8%,65.5% and 93.2%,respectively(P < 0.01).Aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) activity was respectively increased by 24.1%,137.7% and 195.5%(P < 0.01). The alanine (GPT) activity were increased by 25.8%,62.2% and 131.0%,respectively (P < 0.01).The activity of AKP,GOT and GPT in the liver decreased with the increase of AFB1. Compared with the control group,the AKP activity of low,medium and high dose groups were decreased by 19.1%,42.2% and 43.9%,respectively (P < 0.01).The GOT activity were decreased by 16.9%,23.1% and 25.1%,respectively (P < 0.01).The GPT activity in the middle and high dose groups were decreased by 5.0% and 6.8%,respectively (P < 0.05).The above results indicated that the AFB1 in the diet exceeded the standard,especially when the content reached 100 μg/kg or more,which could reduced the growth performance of the finishing pigs and impaired the blood liver function of the finishing pigs.