4～8岁儿童特质推理中的性别刻板效应

Gender Stereotype Effects on Trait Inferences of Children Aged 4 to 8

目的:考察性别刻板印象对4 8岁儿童特质推理的影响。方法:选取212名4~8岁儿童为被试,向其呈现性别刻板一致和性别刻板不一致特质故事,要求他们根据故事推断行为者的特质。通过比较儿童对两种故事的特质推理状况,分析性别刻板印象对特质推理的影响。结果:4 7岁儿童的特质推理受性别刻板印象的影响,当故事中行为者的表现与儿童的性别刻板印象一致时,他们更倾向于根据行为者的行为推断特质。与4岁和5岁儿童相比,6岁和7岁儿童的特质推理在更大程度上受到了性别刻板印象的影响。8岁儿童的特质推理不受性别刻板印象的影响。结论:性别刻板印象对4~8岁儿童特质推理的影响存在年龄差异。

Objective: The present study was performed to explore the developmental trend of gender stereotype effects on trait inferences of children aged 4 to 8. Methods: Two hundred and twelve 4-8-year-olds were presented with either gender stereotype-consistent or gender stereotype-inconsistent behavioral descriptions. And then they were asked to make trait inferences from these behavioral descriptions. Results: Analyses revealed that when traits implied by the behavioral descriptions were consistent with children’s gender stereotypes, 4-7-year-olds were more inclined to make trait inferences from them. And compared to 4-5-year-olds, 6-7-year-olds showed stronger trait inferences for gender stereotype-consistent behavioral descriptions. However, the trait inferences of 8-year-olds did not show any difference between gender stereotype-consistent and gender stereotype-inconsistent behavioral descriptions. Conclusion: Taken together, the current results suggest that the influence of gender stereotypes on the inferences of traits were different for 4-8-year-olds.