作为特许人的行政主体与“受许人的对象人”之间关系的变迁及价值——一个行政过程论的视角

The Transition of Relationship and Value between the Administrative Subject as Franchisor and the Object of Franchisee——A Perspective of Process Theory

确保行政主体在公私合作的行政特许全过程中切实履行应尽职责、依法行政及对其进行有效监督是行政法学重要的新课题。由于在行政特许正常运营状态下,作为特许人的行政主体向受许人施加相似于自身的权利、义务从而产生对“受许人的对象人”的行政事实行为效果;行政主体对特许法律关系标的物的公物命名对“受许人的对象人”产生事实行为效果;行政主体对“受许人的对象人”的信息披露产生事实行为的后果,故在特许正常运营状态下作为特许人的行政主体与“受许人的对象人”之间具有间接关系。当行政特许由于难以继续运营而被行政主体接管后,行政主体与从“受许人的对象人”转变为“行政相对人”的用户之间的间接关系变迁为“行政法律行为关系”。这种基于过程论对两者关系变迁的揭示所具有的实践价值包括:敦促行政主体在行政特许的“事实行为关系”阶段亦以行政法律行为标准依法行政、促使行政主体在特许正常运营阶段切实履行实体职责、为对行政特许相关行政诉讼审查技术提供新思路等。通过对相关过程的把握及运用亦可更好地实现公民社会权。

It is an important new subject of administrative law to ensure that the administrative subjects perform their due duty, administrate according to law and supervise them effectively in the whole process of administrative franchise of public-private cooperation. Under the normal running state of the administrative franchise, the administrative subject as franchisor exerts a similar right and obligation to the franchisee, thus producing the effect of the administrative factual act to "the object of franchisee";administrative subject giving the public property name to the matter of the franchise legal relationship has the effect of the factual act towards "the object of franchisee";administrative subject who discloses the information of "the object of franchisee" will lead to the consequence of the factual act. Therefore, the nature of the relationship between " administrative subject" and " the object of franchisee" is " indirect relationship". When the administrative subject takes over the administrative franchise because it is hard to operate continually, the indirect relationship between administrative subject and " the administrative counterpart" which changes himself from "the object of franchisee" is "the administrative legal act relationship". Based on the theory of process, the study about the transition of relationship between them has many practical values, including urging administrative subject to perform their official duties according to administrative legal action in the"factual act relationship" phase of administrative franchise, promoting the administrative subject to fulfill entity responsibility in the normal running stage and providing new thought for administrative litigation technology related to administrative franchise. Through the grasp and application of relevant processes,citizen social rights can also be better realized.