习俗作为法律与法律的习俗研究——习俗与法律研究的法律人类学辨析及问题展开

Custom As Law and Legal Studies of Customs——The Analysis and Spread of Legal Authropology about Custom and Legal Study

在社会之中,法律和习俗往往并存,且可以相互转化和彼此映射。“习俗作为法律”与“法律的习俗研究”是一个辩证连续的统一体,是一个事物的不同方面。法律基于习俗而体现其效率,而只有真正能够转化成为习俗而运行的法律才更具有一种执行的效力以及对人行为的约束力。在人们日常的生活之中,习俗大多是无意识地在发挥其影响力。“习俗作为法律”的另外一种更为清晰的表达.便是借助一种自然形成并得以固化传递下来的习俗而自我生长出来的一种秩序形态。习俗有文化的修饰,受一种无意识的支配,而法律则是文字的表述,为意识所清晰觉知。习俗成为法律研究的对象,即“法律的习俗研究”,就是要从这习俗转变当中看到或者追溯到法律成长的各种影子或者轨迹。习俗和法律二者之间相互影响,互为主体,又有各自独特性价值.并占据各自的文化场域,形成不一样的交往理性和交往实践,影响着我们的社会秩序的构成方式。

Law and custom often co-exists in society, and with mutual transformation and reflection. The studies of this subject is unified in a dialectical and continuous way for the two sides of a same thing. Based on custom, law embodies its efficiency, but it could be enforced only by the law which can be transformed into custom. In people’s daily life, custom is unconsciously to be influential. As another clearer expression of law, custom is a morphology of order coming out by itself with the help of natural formation and fixation to transmit generation after generation. Custom is modified by culture, and dominated by unconsciousness,while law is expressed by words, and sensed consciously. As an object of legal studies, custom should be traced from its transformation and forming into law. Custom and law influence each other, and to be mutual-subjects, while peeping their own unique being of value. They occupy their individual field of culture, form different reason and praxis of communication, and influence the way of formation of our social order.