传统与当代语境下的“君子人格”及其现代性构建

Junzi’s Personality in Traditional and Contemporary Context and Its Modernity Construction

君子人格在当下讨论中有着不同的话语背景:一是传统文化中精神贵族的人格标识,一是当代社会吁求的借以疗救时风的人格怀旧。传统文化中的君子是一种复合性人格,其人格特征主要有“内仁外礼”的德性规范、“内智外拙”的立世风格和“内圣外王”的政治取向等。在现代性视域下,传统君子人格呈现道德片面性、规制性、集体本位性、依附性、等级性和义务性等历史面向,面临着现代性转化问题。随着市场化的深入,曾经一度淡出人们视野的君子人格引起越来越多人的怀旧,借以发挥君子人格扬善自律的品性导向、重义疏财的价值导向、致中和合的群体导向以及正心诚意的行为导向。积极构建现代君子式人格应以“公民性”作为主体基底,辅之以“君子性”的道德完善。

Junzi’s personality has different discourse backgrounds in the current discussions: one is the identification of spiritual aristocracy in traditional culture, and the other is the nostalgia of Junzi’s personality which is called for by contemporary society to cure the current social ethos. The Junzi in traditional culture possesses a kind of compound personality, including the moral norm of “inner benevolence and outer etiquette”, the way of living of “inner wisdom and outer clumsiness” and the political orientation of “inner sage and outer king”. From the perspective of modernity, the traditional Junzi’s personality presents such historical orientations as one-sidedness of morality, regulation, collective standard, dependence, hierarchy and obligation, and faces the problem of modern transformation. With the deepening of marketization, more and more people are nostalgic about the Junzi’s personality which once faded out of people’s vision, in order to give full play to Junzi’s personality orientation of promoting goodness and self-discipline, value orientation of emphasizing righteousness and generousness, group orientation of neutralization and harmony, and behavior orientation of integrity and sincerity. To construct modern gentleman-like personality, we should take “citizenship” as the main basis, supplemented by the moral perfection of “Junzi’s nature”.