俄国文学的几场论争——《现代人》的“德鲁日宁时期”观察

Several Controversies on Russian Literature——An Observation of Druzhinin Period in The Contemporary Magazine

“黑暗七年”时期,俄国文学依然保持着应有的张力与活跃,围绕几份重要刊物《现代人》《莫斯科人》《祖国纪事》《读者文库》,特别是在《现代人》与《莫斯科人》之间,进行美学与文学论争。论争涉及“自然派”内部的争论,“小品体”与“概观体”之争,“主-客观”之争,“普希金倾向”与“果戈理倾向”之争等。这些论争决定了当时俄国文学的多元生态与面貌,也决定了俄国文学未来的趋势。

In the period of “Seven Years of Darkness”,Russian literature still maintained its due tension and activity. Aesthetic and literary debates had been carried out around several important magazines,especially around The Contemporaryand The Muscovite . The controversies involved the internal debate of the “naturalism”,the dispute between “feuilleton” and “outline”,the debate between “subjectivity” and “objectivity”,the argument between the “Pushkin tendency” and the “Gogol tendency”,etc. These controversies formedthe pluralistic ecology and appearance of Russian literature at that timeand decidedthe future trend of Russian literature.